Androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signaling play an essential role in prostate cancer for survival, growth, and invasion. Crosstalk between the AR and other signaling pathways in prostate cancer (PCa) severely affects the therapeutic outcome of hormonal therapy. Although anti-androgen therapy prolongs overall survival in PCa patients, resistance rapidly develops and is often associated with increased AR expression and upregulation of the HER2/3-AKT signaling pathway.
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